4.12 Key Sustainability Issues .................................................................................. 65

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8.2 SEA Adoption Statement … 92 Appendix A: Summary of Scoping Submissions Table 1: Summary of Scoping

Submissions … 93 Appendix B: Corridor Options Assessment Tables … 104

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1. Introduction

1.1 Overview

AECOM were commissioned to undertake an independent strategic environmental

assessment of the National Cycle Network Plan (referred to hereafter as the ‘NCN Plan’).

Strategic environmental assessment (SEA) is a systematic process of predicting and

evaluating the likely significant environmental effects of implementing a proposed plan or

programme, in order to ensure that these effects are adequately addressed at the earliest

appropriate stages of decision-making in tandem with economic, social and other

considerations.

This document updates the draft SEA Environmental Report which was published alongside

the NCN Plan for public consultation in May 2022. The Environmental Report was the main

output of the SEA process and provided stakeholders with an overview of the likely significant

effects of the NCN Plan and reasonable alternatives.

1.2 Background to the National Cycle Network (NCN) Plan

Transport Infrastructure Ireland (TII) worked with key stakeholders to prepare a new National

Cycle Network Plan (‘NCN Plan’). The NCN Plan maps existing cycling infrastructure and

identifies gaps where future investment could be focused to establish a comprehensive and

connected cycling network around Ireland.

The NCN Plan focuses on linking cities and towns of over 5,000 people with a safe, connected

and inviting cycle network. It includes plans to create cycle routes to destinations such as

transport hubs, centres of education, centres of employment, leisure and tourist destinations.

It will optimise the potential for people to cycle as part of their daily activities, such as work or

educational commuting. It will also integrate with existing and proposed cycle infrastructure.

Both the safety and security of cyclists will be central to the development of the NCN.

The NCN builds on previous work completed by TII and aligns with the work being undertaken

by the National Transport Authority (NTA) in developing urban and county level cycle networks.

It integrates with other cycle routes and networks in various stages of development, including

the EuroVelo routes, greenways and the Strategic Plan for Greenways in Northern Ireland.

The NCN plan will complement these other cycling development projects and will provide a

core spine that other networks and routes can connect to.

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1.3 Scope / Geographical Coverage of the NCN Plan

The NCN Plan sets out a coherent and coordinated network of cycle corridors connecting

settlements with 5,000 inhabitants or more. It integrates with and complements other existing

and proposed cycle routes and networks.

The likely corridors identified through the NCN Plan mainly cover non-urban areas. Urban

cycle networks are being covered by work currently being undertaken by the National

Transport Authority (NTA).

Whilst the NCN Plan does not include specific or detailed routes, it does identify broad

corridors through which interventions should be targeted. These identified corridors will be

accompanied by recommendations relating to a minimum level of infrastructure required

across the network (e.g., segregated cycle path).

Figure 1.1 highlights the potential nodes that were focussed on through the development of

the NCN Plan.

It is an objective of the NCN Plan to ‘integrate with existing and proposed cycling infrastructure

in Northern Ireland, as appropriate’.

Both the Department for Infrastructure and Sustrans Northern Ireland have been consulted in

relation to the development of the NCN Plan with ongoing engagement planned to ensure

integration of planned cycle networks across the border.

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Figure 1.1: Map of the Nodes Focussed on Through the Development of the NCN Plan

Figure 1.1: Map of the Nodes Focussed on Through the Development of the NCN Plan

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1.4 Vision and Aims for the NCN Plan

The vision statement of the NCN Plan is to:

“Develop a safe, connected, and inviting cycle network between urban areas and key

destinations to achieve accessible, sustainable, and high-quality routes that will help to

reduce the carbon impact of transport and promote a healthy and inclusive society.”

The NCN aims to link towns, cities and destinations across Ireland with a safe, connected and

inviting cycle network; encouraging more people away from their cars and onto their cycles.

In this context the NCN aims to generate benefits for cyclists and communities across Ireland,

including:

Being the core cycle network for Ireland, connecting towns and destinations to which

other cycle networks will connect.

Acting as a multifunctional network available for commuters, leisure users and tourists.

Establishing a coherent and coordinated network that integrates with existing and

proposed cycle routes being developed by TII and other bodies.

Helping inform how local authorities prioritise Exchequer-funded investments in cycle

infrastructure.

Making use of existing infrastructure wherever possible including greenways and

declassified roads where there is enough space to provide safe and appropriate cycle

facilities.

Providing high-quality cycle infrastructure to promote safety, comfort and increased

participation in cycling. Minimum design standards will be developed for how the

network will be built.

Clearly signposting the network to identify and distinguish it from other cycle facilities.

1.5 Development Process for the NCN Plan

The approach to the Plan is structured around a five-stage process outlined in Figure 1.2. The

current stage in plan development is Stage 5 - Finalisation.

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Figure 1.2: NCN Plan Development Process

Figure 1.2: NCN Plan Development Process

Following consultation on the draft NCN Plan (which was undertaken in May 2022), responses

were analysed, and the NCN proposals were updated to reflect feedback received. Detailed

plans for the roll out of the NCN over the coming years will then be developed.

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2. Approach to the SEA

2.1 Introduction

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) is a process for evaluating, at the earliest

appropriate stage, the potential environmental implications of plans or programmes (P/Ps).

The SEA process involves appraisal and reporting, proposing mitigation measures and

monitoring environmental effects of plans, programmes, and strategies.

The purpose is to ensure that the environmental consequences of P/Ps are assessed both

during their preparation and prior to their adoption. The SEA process also gives specified

‘environmental authorities’, interested parties and the general public, an opportunity to

comment on the environmental impacts of the proposed P/P and reasonable alternatives, and

to be kept informed during the decision-making process.

SEA derives from the Directive 2001/42/EC - Assessment of Effects of Certain Plans and

Programmes on the Environment (the ‘SEA Directive’). Article 1 of the SEA Directive states

that:

“The objective of this directive is to provide for a high level of protection of the environment

and to contribute to the integration of environmental considerations into the preparation

and adoption of plans and programmes with a view to promoting sustainable

development, by ensuring that, in accordance with this directive, an environmental

assessment is carried out of certain plans and programmes which are likely to have

significant effects on the environment.”

The requirement for SEA in Ireland was introduced by:

European Communities (Environmental Assessment of Certain Plans and

Programmes) Regulations 2004 (S.I. No. 435 of 2004); as amended by European

Communities (Environmental Assessment of Certain Plans and Programmes)

(Amendment) Regulations 2011, (S.I. No. 200 of 2011); and

Planning and Development Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Regulations

2004 (S.I. No. 436 of 2004), as amended by the Planning and Development (Strategic

Environmental Assessment) (Amendment) Regulations 2011 (S.I. No. 201 of 2011).

Schedule 2 (9) of S.I. No. 435 of 2004 highlights that an SEA “shall be carried out for all plans

and programmes…which are prepared for agriculture, forestry, fisheries, energy, industry,

transport, waste management, water management, telecommunications and tourism, and

which set the framework for future development consent of projects listed in Annexes I and II

to the Environmental Impact Assessment Directive”. 1 The SEA for the NCN Plan has therefore

1 Section 9(1) of S.I. No. 435 of 2004 as amended by S.I. No. 200 of 2011

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been undertaken to meet the requirements S.I. No. 435 (as amended), referred to in this

Environmental Report as the ‘SEA Regulations’.

2.2 Hierarchy of Planning and Environmental Assessment

The hierarchy of planning and environmental assessment in which the NCN Plan is situated

is detailed on Figure 2.1 below.

Figure 2.1: Hierarchy of Planning and Environmental Assessment

Figure 2.1: Hierarchy of Planning and Environmental Assessment

The National Planning Framework 2040 (NPF) was subject to a full SEA and Stage 2 AA. The

NPF will be given regional expression through land use plans including the Regional Spatial

and Economic Strategies (RSES), which are also subject to SEA and AA. SEA and AA

requirements apply to City and County Development Plans and Local Area Plans.

The priorities and objectives of the NCN Plan align with the objectives and priorities set out in

the NPF and transport strategies focused on providing a safe and connected cycle network

across Ireland.

2.3 Overview of SEA Process and Stages

SEA is a systematic process for evaluating the environmental consequences of proposed

plans or programmes to ensure environmental issues are fully integrated and addressed at

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SEA of the National Cycle Network Plan SEA Environmental Report (Updated)

the earliest appropriate stage of decision making, with a view to promoting sustainable

development. The central focus of SEA is to enable environmental issues, and in particular

‘likely significant environmental effects’ of a Plans or Programmes (P/Ps), to be taken into

consideration during the plan or programme making process.

The key phases in the SEA process as outlined in the Environmental Protection Agency’s

(EPA’s) SEA Process Checklist2 are outlined in Table 2.1.

Table 2.1: Overview of SEA Process

Phase Description Status

The requirement to undertake a SEA is mandatory for certain Plan / Programme (P/P). Where SEA is not a mandatory requirement, the P/Ps is subject to a ‘Screening process’, to consider if it is likely to have significant effects on the environment, and therefore, if SEA is required.

Complete (November 2021)

  1. Screening

Preparation of a SEA Scoping Report highlighting that the Environmental Report is required to include:

Methods of assessment; Contents and level of detail in the Plan/Programme; The stage in the Plan/Programme-making process; and The extent to which certain matters are more appropriately assessed at different levels in the decision-making process in order to avoid duplication of environmental assessment. Transboundary consultation was undertaken with the relevant authorities in Northern Ireland.

Complete (March 2022)

  1. Scoping

The purpose of this stage of the process is to assess the likely significant impacts on the environment as a result of implementation of the P/P and consideration of reasonable alternatives.

Complete (May 2022)

  1. Environmental Assessment

The output from this stage is an Environmental Report which accompanies the draft P/P for consultation.

Transboundary consultation, was undertaken with the relevant authorities in Northern Ireland.

4. SEA StatementCompletion/adoption of the P/P taking account of likelyCurrent Stage (Final)
significant environmental effects, any submissions or
observations received from consultations and integration of
mitigation and monitoring measures within the Plan.
The Environmental Report was updated to reflect
consultation comments, and an SEA Statement was
prepared, summarising:
• How environmental considerations have been
integrated into the P/P;
• How the environmental report, and any submissions or
consultations have been taken into account in the
preparation of the P/P;
• The reasons for choosing the P/P; and
• The measures decided for monitoring the significant
environmental effects of implementation of the P/P.

2 EPA (2013).

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In the context of the SEA process for the NCN Plan, the key stages (following SEA screening)

are set out in Figure 2.2.

Figure 2.2: Key Stages of SEA Process for the NCN Plan

Figure 2.2: Key Stages of SEA Process for the NCN Plan

A more detailed overview of the SEA process for the NCN Plan is presented below.

2.4 SEA Screening (Stage 1)

An SEA Screening Report was prepared by AECOM for the NCN Plan in November 2021. The

screening sought to determine whether a full SEA process was required for the NCN Plan.

The report concluded the following:

“… the plan is likely to set the framework for subsequent plans and projects which have the

potential for significant effects on the environment. This includes, potentially, plans

requiring an SEA process or projects requiring an EIA process. For this reason, it is

concluded that a full SEA process is required to accompany the NCN Plan”

Given the plan timescales, and the strong likelihood of the NCN Plan requiring SEA, a

separate consultation on the SEA Screening Report was not undertaken for the Plan. The SEA

instead progressed to the next steps of the process, scoping.

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2.5 SEA Scoping (Stage 2)

Article 5 of the SEA Directive requires that the competent authority responsible for the plan or

programme in question consult with ‘environmental authorities’ regarding the scope and level

of detail to be included in the environmental report.

To meet this requirement, a Scoping Report was prepared in early 2022 for the SEA of the

NCN Plan.

Reflecting the requirements of the SEA Regulations, the following information was presented

in the Scoping Report:

Context review: This explored the environmental and sustainability ‘context’ for the

SEA / NCN Plan through reviewing high level messages (e.g., internationally, from

central government and at the regional level) with a view to establishing the focus for

the SEA.

Baseline data: This established the baseline situation in the absence of the NCN Plan

(including the future baseline) in order to help identify the plan’s likely significant

effects.

Key issues: This identified particular problems or opportunities (‘issues’) that should

be a focus of the SEA.

Drawing on the evidence base established and key issues identified through the above

process, the Scoping Report presented an SEA Framework of objectives and assessment

questions which would be used to assess plan proposals and alternatives.

2.5.1 SEA Scoping Consultation

Statutory consultation on the SEA Scoping Report was undertaken with the ‘environmental

authorities’ for SEA in Ireland in March 2022.

Currently, the SEA ‘environmental authorities’ set out by the SEA Regulations are as follows:

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA);

Minister for Agriculture, Food and the Marine;

Minister for Housing, Local Government and Heritage [including the Development

Applications Unit]; and

Minister for the Environment, Climate and Communications.

As the NCN Plan may affect the environment in Northern Ireland, transboundary consultation

was also undertaken with the relevant authorities in Northern Ireland.

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Five consultation responses were received on the SEA Scoping Report, including three from

the SEA environmental authorities in ROI and two from Northern Ireland authorities.

Responses were received from the following organisations:

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).

Geological Survey Ireland (GSI) under the Department of the Environment, Climate

and Communications (DECC).

Department of Environment, Climate and Communications (DECC). Environmental

Protection and Circular Economy - Materials Management Divisions.

Northern Ireland Environment Agency (NIEA) under the Department of Agriculture,

Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA).

Historic Environment Division (HED) under the Department for Communities (DfC).

The submissions provided information on sources of guidance, useful resources and

suggestions for items to be addressed / monitored.

Appendix A provides a summary of the submissions received from the environmental

authorities and transboundary consultees at scoping and provides an overview of how these

comments have been considered and addressed.

2.6 SEA Environmental Report (Stage 3)

Stage 3 comprises the preparation of the main output of the SEA process: the SEA

Environmental Report.

The SEA Regulations require that an environmental report is published for consultation

alongside the draft plan that shall “identify, describe and evaluate the likely significant effects

on the environment of implementing the plan…and reasonable alternatives taking account of

the objectives and the geographical scope of the plan”. The report must then be taken into

account, alongside consultation responses, when finalising the plan.

This SEA Environmental Report therefore assesses and evaluates the likely significant effects

of the NCN Plan and the alternatives. This is with a view to providing TII, stakeholders and the

public with a clear understanding of the likely environmental consequences of implementing

the NCN Plan.

The draft NCN Plan and SEA Environmental Report were made available for consultation via

the following website: https://ncn.consultation.ai/

The SEA environmental authorities, as well as any relevant transboundary authorities, were

notified so that they may make a submission or observation in relation to the SEA

Environmental Report and / or the draft NCN Plan.

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Northern Ireland’s statutory stakeholders and environmental authorities were also notified on

the release of the draft NCN Plan and associated SEA Environmental Report.

Submissions made on the draft NCN Plan and associated documents, including the SEA, have

resulted in an update to this Environmental Report, in order to take account of consultation

responses and in order to take account of the minor changes that were made to the NCN Plan

following consultation.

2.7 SEA Adoption Statement (Stage 4, Final Stage)

During this final stage of the SEA process (Stage 4), TII will publish an SEA Adoption

Statement alongside the final adopted NCN Plan.

The SEA Adoption Statement includes how the SEA Environmental Report and consultations

have been taken into account, summarising the key issues raised during the consultation

process and in the Environmental Report indicating what / if action was taken.

The SEA Adoption Statement also includes the measures decided upon to monitor the

significant environmental effects of implementing of the plan.

2.8 Appropriate Assessment (AA)

Under the EU Habitats Directive Member States are required to ensure the protection,

conservation, and management of the habitats and species of conservation in all European

sites.

The Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC) was transposed into Irish law by both the Planning and

Development Act 2000 (as amended) and the European Communities (EC) (Birds and Natural

Habitats) Regulations 2011 (as amended).

Appropriate Assessment (AA) screening is required for any project in Ireland (Article 6(3) of

the Habitats Directive) with the potential to have a significant effect on a designated European

site. AA is the assessment of the implications of a plan, alone and in-combination with other

plans and projects, on the integrity of a Natura 2000 site, in view of its conservation objectives.

There is an overlap between both the SEA and AA processes as both assessment regimes

consider the potential impacts of a plan on biodiversity.

The Draft NCN Plan has undergone AA screening during its preparation. The conclusion of

the AA Screening3 was:

“At this strategic stage these corridors are intentionally wide to enable detailed design work

to be undertaken to capture the most appropriate route.

3 AECOM (2022).

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Given this is and the multiple potential impacts associated with constructing new or

updating existing cycle routes, it is impossible to draw a conclusion of ‘no likely significant

effect’ in relation to the NCN Plan. Therefore, it is necessary to proceed to the next stage

of Appropriate Assessment. All potential NCN route corridors are screened in for the

Appropriate Assessment. “

The Draft Plan was subject to a “Stage 2 AA” as required by Article 6(3) of the Habitats

Directive (92/43/EEC) and a Natura Impact Report (NIR) was prepared and put on public

display.

The preparation of the Draft Plan, SEA and AA has taken place concurrently and the findings

of the AA have informed both the Plan and the SEA.

The NIR concluded:

“Given the flexibility of design of the proposed cycle routes it can be concluded that the

NCN would not have an adverse effect European sites alone.”

“Additionally, an in-combination assessment was also undertaken of relevant plans and

projects…

Given that each of the land use plans provide a policy for European site protection and

each will have undergone their own Appropriate Assessment alone and in-combination and

would have concluded no adverse effects before the plans could become adopted…

It can be concluded that the NCN Plan would not have an adverse effect on the integrity of

European sites, either alone or in combination with other plans and projects.”

The NIR also provided recommendations that should be included in the Final NCN Plan.

2.9 SEA Guidance

The SEA process has been undertaken to meet the requirements of Directive 2001/42/EC on

the Assessment of the Effects of Certain Plans and Programmes on the Environment (the SEA

Directive) and the national implementing legislation, S.I. No. 435 of 2004, as amended by

Regulations S.I. No. 200 of 2011.

The following principal sources of guidance were identified during the SEA process, including

in the preparation of the Environmental Report:

Department of Communications, Climate Action & Environment (DCCAE) (2019).

Climate Action Plan 2019, To Tackle Climate Breakdown.

Department of Environment, Community and Local Government (DECLG) (2013).

Integrated Biodiversity Impact Assessment – Streamlining AA, SEA and EIA

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SEA of the National Cycle Network Plan SEA Environmental Report (Updated)

Processes: Practitioner’s Manual. EPA Strive Programme 2007-2013. Strive Report

Series No. 106.

Department of Environment, Community and Local Government (DECLG) (2013).

Circular Letter PL 9/2013: Article 8 (Decision Making) of EU Directives 2001/42/EC on

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) as amended.

Department of Environment, Community and Local Government (DECLG) (2013).

Circular Letter PSSP 6/2011: Further Transposition of EU Directive 2001/42/EC on

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA).

Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government (DEHLG) (2014).

Implementation of SEA Directive (2001/42/EC): Assessment of the Effects of Certain

Plans and Programmes on the Environment.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)(2003). SEA Methodologies for Plans and

Programmes in Ireland – Synthesis Report.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)(2008). SEA Process Checklist, 2008.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2013). SEA Resource Manual for Local and

Regional Planning Authorities.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2015). Developing and Assessing

Alternatives in Strategic Environmental Assessment - Good Practice Guidance.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)(2015). SEA Scoping Guidance Document.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2017). GISEA Manual - Improving the

Evidence Base in SEA.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2019 updated). Integrating Climate Change

into Strategic Environmental Assessment in Ireland - A Guidance Note.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)(2019). Tiering of Environmental Assessment

  • The Influence of Strategic Environmental Assessment on Project-level Environmental

Impact Assessment.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (2020). Good Practice Guidance on

Cumulative Effects Assessment in Strategic Environmental Assessment.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)(2020). Guidance on Strategic Environmental

Assessment (SEA) Statements and Monitoring.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)(2020). Ireland’s Environment - An Integrated

Assessment 2020.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)(2020). Second Review of SEA Effectiveness

in Ireland.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)(2021). SEA Pack, September 2021.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)(2022). SEA Spatial Information Sources

inventory, January 2022.

Prepared for: Transport Infrastructure Ireland AECOM

SEA of the National Cycle Network Plan SEA Environmental Report (Updated)

European Communities (EC) (1992). DIRECTIVE 92/43/EEC.

European Communities (EC)(2001). Directive 2001/42/EC on the assessment of

Certain Plans and Programmes on the Environment.

European Communities (EC) (2004).Guidance on Implementation of Directive

2001/42/EC.

European Communities (EC) (2013).Guidance on Integrating Climate Change and

Biodiversity into Strategic Environmental Assessment.

European Communities (EC). (2002). Assessment of plans and projects significantly

affecting Natura 2000 sites - Methodological guidance on the provisions of Article 6(3)

and (4) of the Habitats Directive 92/43/EEC.

European Communities (EC). S.I. No. 200 of 2011 - European Communities

(Environmental Assessment of Certain Plans and Programmes) (Amendment)

Regulations 2011.

European Communities (EC). S.I. No. 435 of 2004 - Environmental Assessment of

Certain Plans and Programmes) Regulations 2004.

EPA AA GeoTool: https://gis.epa.ie/EPAMaps/AAGeoTool

EPA Air Quality Reports: https://www.epa.ie/publications/monitoring—assessment/air/

EPA Environmental Mapping / Geographical Information System (GIS) tools:

http://gis.epa.ie/SeeMaps

EPA SEA WebGIS Tool:https://gis.epa.ie/EPAMaps/SEA

EPA Strategic Environmental Assessment. Available at: https://www.epa.ie/our-

services/monitoring—assessment/assessment/strategic-environmental-assessment/

EPA Water QualityReports: https://www.epa.ie/publications/monitoring—assessment/

EPA WFD Application: www.catchments.ie

GEOHIVE Environmental Sensitivity Mapping (2022).

Department for Communities (DfC) (2022). Historic Environment Map Viewer.

Available at: https://www.communities-ni.gov.uk/services/historic-environment-map-

viewer

Department for Infrastructure (DfI) (2015). Strategic Planning Policy Statement for

Northern Ireland.

Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA) (2015).

Biodiversity Strategy for Northern Ireland to 2020.

Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA) (2021). Draft

Environment Strategy for Northern Ireland.

Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA) (2013). Northern

Ireland State ofthe Environment Report. Available at: https://www.daera-

ni.gov.uk/publications/state-environment-report-2013

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Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA) (2022).

Designated Scientific Sites. Available at: www.daera-ni.gov.uk/landing-

pages/protected-areas

Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA) (2022). Regional

Landscape Character Map viewer. Available at: https://www.daera-

ni.gov.uk/services/regional-landscape-character-areas-map-viewer

Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA) (2022). Map

browser for NI protected sites and known priority habitat. Available at: www.daera-

ni.gov.uk/services/natural-environment-map-viewer

Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA) (2022). Natural

Environment Datasets.Available at: https://www.daera-ni.gov.uk/contacts/natural-

environment-related-datasets

NI Heritage (2019). Archaeology 2030 - A Strategic Approach for Northern Ireland.

Available at: niheritagedelivers.org

Northern Ireland Environment Agency (NIEA) (2013). A Second Assessment of the

State of Northern Ireland’s Environment.

Northern Ireland Environment Agency (NIEA) (2021). Water Framework Directive

Statistics Report.

Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA) (2020). Air

Pollution in Northern Ireland 2020. Available at:

https://www.airqualityni.co.uk/documents/technical-

reports/Air_Pollution_in_Northern_Ireland_2020_Issue1-screen-optimised.pdf

Department of Agriculture, Environment and Rural Affairs (DAERA) (2022).

Landscape Character of Northern Ireland. Available at: https://www.daera-

ni.gov.uk/articles/landscape-character-northern-ireland

Department of Finance (2022). Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency

(NISRA). Available at: https://www.nisra.gov.uk/

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SEA of the National Cycle Network Plan SEA Environmental Report (Updated)

3. Review of Relevant Plans, Polices and Programmes

3.1 Introduction

This chapter sets out how the NCN Plan interacts with other key relevant plans, policies and

programmes and their environmental protection objectives. A review of other plans, policies

and programmes and the legislative framework is an important part of setting the context for

the SEA and the NCN Plan.

The SEA Directive states in Article 5(1) of Annex 1 that the environmental assessment must

identify:

“the environmental protection objectives, established at International, European Union or

national level, which are relevant to the plan or programme, or modification to the plan or

programme, and the way those objectives and any environmental considerations have

been taken into account during its preparation”.

Therefore, the NCN Plan is part of a larger picture of overall national policies that must work

towards a single set of overall objectives. Policies and objectives around issues such as land

use, development, population distribution, sustainability and climate action, for example, are

determined by other government agencies and authorities, but must be fully reflected in the

NCN Plan.

This appendix is not intended to represent a comprehensive list of all legislation / plans /

programmes / guidelines, but rather a collation of the most relevant all legislation / plans /

programmes / guidelines.

3.1.1 UN Sustainable Development Goals

Since 2015, Ireland has been a signatory to the United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development

Goals (SDGs), which frame national agendas and policies to 2030. There are 17 SDGs which

form part of the 2030 Agenda, which sets out a 15-year plan to achieve these goals (Figure

3.1). These goals are mirrored through EU strategies such as Europe 2020 and the European

Regional Development Fund which emphasise smart, sustainable and inclusive growth.

Key priorities are to halt biodiversity loss, protect and improve the environment, and enable

the transition to a circular economy. As sustainability is at the heart of long-term energy

planning, it is important that the SDGs are integrated into Irish policymaking from the top tier

down.

Prepared for: Transport Infrastructure Ireland AECOM

SEA of the National Cycle Network Plan

Figure 3.1: United Nations Sustainable Development Goals4

Figure 3.1: United Nations Sustainable Development Goals4

There is significant alignment between the UN SDGs and the Project Ireland 2040 National

Planning Framework National Strategic Outcomes (NSOs). For example, SDG 11 Sustainable

Cities and Communities aligns with NSO1 Compact Growth and NSO4 Sustainable Mobility.

Similarly, SDG 13 Climate Action aligns with NSO8 Transition to a Low Carbon and Climate

Resilient Society.

The development of the NCN Plan aligns with the following five UN SDGs, which are:

  1. Good Health and Wellbeing.

  2. Gender Equality.

  3. Reduced Inequalities.

  4. Sustainable Cities and Communities.

  5. Climate Action.

The NCN Plan is consistent with these SDGs, in that it will develop a safe, connected, and

cycle network between urban areas and key destinations. The NCN Plan will also achieve

accessible, sustainable, and high-quality routes that will help to reduce the carbon impact of

transport and promote a healthy and inclusive society.

3.2 EU and National Legislation

There is a legislative framework for the protection of the environment and our natural

resources. Where relevant these are referenced in the plan-making process for the

development plan and the NCN Plan includes relevant objectives for integration with key aims

and requirements.

4 United Nations (UN) (2022).

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Table 3.1 and Table 3.2 provide a list of the principal EU and national legislation and EU

frameworks respectively. These are not intended to be a register of all legislation / plans /

programmes / guidelines, but rather an examination of the key environmental protection

objectives relevant to the NCN Plan.

Table 3.1: Principal EU and National Legislation

EU Legislation National Legislation

Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Planning and Development Acts 2000, as amended Directive (2001/42/EEC)

Environmental Impact Assessment Directive (2011/92/EU) as amended by (2014/52/EU)

Planning and Development Regulations 2001, as amended

European Communities (Birds and Natural Habitats Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC) Regulations) 2011 (S.I. No. 477 of 2011)

Birds Directive (2009/147/EC) on the Wildlife Act 1976, as amended Conservation of Wild Birds, 1979

Planning Development (Strategic Environmental Assessment) Regulations 2004 (S.I. 435 of 2004) as amended by S.I. 200 of 2011

Water Framework Directive (WFD) (2000/60/EC)

Groundwater Directive (2006/118/EC) The Water Services Act (2007 & 2013)

Climate Action and Low Carbon Development Act Marine Strategy Framework Directive 2015

Climate Action and Low Carbon Development Floods Directive (2007/60/EC) (Amendment) Act 2021

Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive Roads Act 1993, as amended (91/271/EEC)

Drinking Water Directive (98/83/EC) Waste Management Act 1996 as amended

EU Landfill Directive (1999/31/EC) National Monuments Act 1930-2004

Waste Framework Directive (2008/98/EC) as Heritage Act amended by Directive (EU) 2018/851

Environmental Noise Directive (2002/49/EC) Architectural Heritage and Historic Monuments Act

Environmental Liability Directive (2004/35/EC) Transposing Regulation for Directives

Air Quality Fourth Daughter Directive (2004/107/EC)

Air Quality Clean Air for Europe (CAFÉ) Directive (2008/50/EC)

Revisited National Emissions Ceilings Directive (EU 2016/2284)

Noise Directive (2002/49/EC)

Governance of the Energy Union and Climate Action Regulation (EU) 2018/1999

Prepared for: Transport Infrastructure Ireland AECOM

Table 3.2: EU Frameworks

A New Circular Economy Action Plan for a Cleaner More Competitive Europe (2020)

EU Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy European Landscape Convention 2000 (2020)

Eighth (8th) Environment Action Programme (EAP) to 2030 (TBC)

EU 2030 Climate and Energy Package

Relevant National & Regional Plans, Programmes and Guidelines

Table 3.3 presents a list of some of the main national and regional plans, programmes and

guidelines influencing the Plan.

Table 3.3: National & Regional Plans, Programmes and Guidelines

National & Regional Plans, Programmes and Guidelines

National Policy Framework for Alternative Fuel National Planning Framework (NPF) Infrastructure in Transport in Ireland (2017-2030)

National Investment Framework for Transport in National Development Plan (NDP) 2021-2030 Ireland (2021)

Integrated Implementation National Mitigation Plan 2017 (Transport)

Architectural Heritage Protection Guidelines for National Adaptation Framework 2018 Planning Authorities (2011)

Regional Spatial and Economic Strategies Heritage Ireland 2030

County and City Development Plans County Heritage Plans

National Landscape Strategy 2015-2025

National Energy and Climate Plan 2021-2030 County Landscape Character Assessments

Change Adaptation Framework including the Sectoral Adaptation

National Peatland Strategy Forestry Programme 2014-2020

National Policy Position on Climate Action and National Countryside Recreation Strategy (2018) Low Carbon Development (2014)

Regional / County based waste management Capital Investment Plan 2016-2021 strategies

Healthy Ireland: A Framework for Improved Health Ireland’s Environment - An Assessment (2020) and Wellbeing 2019-2025

Draft River Basin Management Plan for Ireland Healthy Cities and Counties (2019)

National CFRAMS Programme (2011) National Physical Activity Plan 2016

Flood Risk Management Plans Sport Ireland Participation Plan 2021-2024

and Flood Risk Management for Planning Authorities (2009)

Creating Green Enhancing Natural Capital for Human Wellbeing

Prepared for: Transport Infrastructure Ireland

SEA of the National Cycle Network Plan

National & Regional Plans, Programmes and Guidelines

National Biodiversity Action Plan 2017-2021 Food Wise 2025 (NBAP for 2021-2025 pending)

County Biodiversity Action Plans Food Harvest 2020

Management Plans for Natura 2000 sites Tourism Action Plan 2019-2021

All-Ireland Pollinator Plan 2021-2025 Tourism Policy Statement

Our Sustainable Future - A Framework for Sustainable Development for Ireland (2012) and Progress Report 2015

Irish Water National Water Resources Plan Framework Plan (2021)

Water Services Strategic Plan. A Plan for the TII’s Sustainability Implementation Plan (2021) Future of Water Services (2015) (Irish Water)

Irish Water Services Policy Statement 2018- Outdoor Recreational Plan for Public Lands and 2025 Waters in Ireland (2017-2021)

National Air Pollution Control Programme (NAPCP) (2019)

Greater Dublin Area Draft Cycle Network Plan (2021)

Draft National Clean Air Strategy for Ireland Other Regional City Transport Strategies (2022) (Consultation)

Draft Statutory Climate Change Adaptation Fáilte Ireland Visitor Experience Development Plan for the Transport Sector (2019)

Draft National Sustainable Mobility Policy Metropolitan Area Transport Plans

Smarter Travel - A Sustainable Transport Future - Transport Policy for Ireland 2009-2020

Regional developed by Fáilte Ireland)

Whole of Government Circular Economy Strategy 2022-2023

Development of new Solid Fuel Regulations for Ireland (Public Consultation) (2021)

The Greenway Strategy - Strategy for the Future Development of National and Regional Greenways (2018)

Dublin Region Air Quality Plan 2021 (Four Dublin Local Authorities)

National Investment Framework for WHO Global Air Quality Guidelines 2021 Transportation in Ireland

Traffic and Transport Assessment Guidelines (2014)

Urban Transport-Related Air Pollution (UTRAP) Working Group (2021)

Transport 21, as superseded by the Department of Public Expenditure and Reform document titled Infrastructure and Capital Investment (2012-2016)

3.4 Transboundary Policies. Plans, Programmes and Guidelines

Table 3.4 presents a list of some of the main transboundary (Northern Ireland) polices, plans,

programmes and guidelines influencing the Plan.

Prepared for: Transport Infrastructure Ireland

SEA of the National Cycle Network Plan SEA Environmental Report (Updated)

Table 3.4: Transboundary Policies, Plans, Programmes and Guidelines

Transboundary Policies, Plans, Programmes and Guidelines

Convention for the Protection of the Architectural Wildlife (NI) Order 1985 (as amended) Heritage of Europe (Granada, 1985)

Convention for the Protection of the Archaeological Wildlife and Natural Environment Act (NI) 2011 Heritage of Europe (Valletta, 1992)

Conservation (Natural Habitats, etc.) Regulations (Northern Ireland) 1995 (as amended)

Historic Monuments and Archaeological Objects (Northern Ireland) Order 1995

The Environment (NI) Order 2002 Protection of Wrecks Act 1973

Planning (Environmental Impact Assessment) Regional Development Strategy 2035 Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2017

Strategic Planning Policy Statement (SPPS) for Northern Ireland

Archaeology 2030 - A Strategic Approach for Northern Ireland

Planning Policy Statements (PPS – in particular PPS2 and PPS185

Strategic Planning Policy Statement for Northern Ireland

Biodiversity Strategy for Northern Ireland to Marine and Coastal Access Act 2009 2020

Draft Environment Strategy for Northern Ireland Marine Act (Northern Ireland) 2013

Climate Change Bill (NI) 2022 UK Marine Policy Statement (MPS) (2011)

Draft Northern Ireland Peatland Policy 2021- Draft Marine Plan for Northern Ireland (2018) 2040

Draft Green Growth Strategy for Northern Ireland

Sustainable Water - A Long-Term Water Strategy for Northern Ireland (2015-2040)

Northern Ireland Energy Strategy 2050 NI Water (2020) Our Strategy 2021-2046

The Water Environment (Floods Directive) Planning Act (Northern Ireland) 2011 Regulations (Northern Ireland) 2009

Fisheries Act 2020

5 It should be noted that the PPS’s will be superseded by Local Development Plans when they are adopted.

Prepared for: Transport Infrastructure Ireland

SEA of the National Cycle Network Plan SEA Environmental Report (Updated)

4. Environmental Baseline

4.1 Introduction

Presented below is a description of the present state of the environment, and a description of

how the baseline is likely develop should the plan not be implemented.

The baseline description is focused in the first instance on the Republic of Ireland (ROI)

however given that Ireland shares a land boundary with Northern Ireland (NI), there is potential

for environmental impact on population and human health, biodiversity, land and soils, water,

air quality, climatic factors, cultural heritage and landscape which are transboundary, and

potential for transboundary impacts are noted where relevant.

As highlighted in Section 2.3, the Scoping Report presented a context review which explored

the environmental and sustainability ‘context’ for the SEA / NCN Plan, the baseline information

for the SEA and a series of key issues which identified particular problems or opportunities

that should be a focus of the SEA. Drawing on this scoping work, the SEA subsequently

presented an SEA Framework of objectives and assessment questions against which the draft

plan and alternatives could be appraised.

This scoping information (and the information presented in this Environmental Report) has

been presented through the following themes:

  1. Biodiversity (including Flora & Fauna).

  2. Population and Human Health.

  3. Land, Soils and Geology.

  4. Water Quality.

  5. Air Quality.

  6. Climate Change (which includes mitigation and adaptation).

  7. Cultural Heritage (including architecture and archaeology).

  8. Landscape.

The selected SEA themes incorporate the ‘SEA topics’ suggested by Annex I (f) of the SEA

Directive6. These were refined to reflect a broad understanding of the anticipated scope of

NCN Plan effects.

A summary of the key issues and the full SEA Framework is presented below. The context

review and baseline data, have been updated to reflect comments received on the Scoping

Report consultation and Draft Environmental Report.

6 The SEA Directive is ‘of a procedural nature’ (para 9 of the Directive preamble) and does not set out to prescribe particular issues that should and should not be a focus, beyond requiring a focus on ‘the environment, including on issues such as biodiversity, population, human health, fauna, flora, soil, water, air, climatic factors, material assets, cultural heritage including architectural and archaeological heritage, landscape and the interrelationship between the above factors’ [our emphasis]

Prepared for: Transport Infrastructure Ireland

SEA of the National Cycle Network Plan SEA Environmental Report (Updated)

4.1.1 Ireland’s Environment - An Integrated Assessment 2020

The seventh State of the Environment Report published by the EPA (2020) - Ireland’s

Environment - An Integrated Assessment 2020, indicates that the overall quality of Ireland’s

environment is not what it should be.

As highlighted by the report, the environmental challenges that are currently facing Ireland cut

across different environmental topics, such as climate, air, soil, water, biodiversity and waste,

and across organisations and sectors, business and all levels of society. Unspoilt areas are

being squeezed out and Ireland is losing pristine waters and the habitats that provide vital

spaces for biodiversity. Climate change is also impacting the established economic, social and

natural structures of our world7.

There are 13 key State of the Environment messages identified by the report that require

vision and full implementation to be successful in order to protect the environment, health, and

wellbeing.

The State of the Environment Report highlights that high-quality green and blue spaces are

not just for nature but for peoples’ health and wellbeing. Chapter 11 of this report focuses on

environmental pressures from transport and looking at the transformation towards sustainable

mobility within the sector. Chapter 14 of this report looks as the importance of providing

integrated health-promoting environments in urban planning which can promote more active

travel, reduce air pollution through the use of fewer private vehicles, act as quiet areas buffered

from environmental noise and improve the physical and mental health of those cycling. Other

chapters in this report relevant to the NCN Plan, include Chapter 2 - Climate Change, Chapter

3 - Air Quality and Chapter 4 - Environmental Noise.

The relevant recommendations, key issues and challenges described in the EPA’s State of the

Environment Report will be taken into account during the development of the Draft NCN Plan

and SEA.

4.2 List of Datasets for the SEA

The datasets identified in the Table 4.1 below will be utilised throughout the SEA process.

7 EPA (2020). Ireland’s Environment - An Integrated Assessment 2020.

Prepared for: Transport Infrastructure Ireland AECOM

SEA of the National Cycle Network Plan

Table 4.1: List of Datasets for the SEA

Potential Data Sources SEA Theme

  • Birds Atlas
  • Invasive Species Ireland website
  • National Biodiversity Action Plan
  • National Parks and Wildlife Services (NPWS)
  • RAMSAR
  • UNESCO Biosphere Reserve
  • DAERA - Designated Scientific Sites
  • Northern Ireland Environment Agency

Biodiversity

  • CSO Census
  • EPA
  • Fáilte Ireland
  • Population centres, density and statistics
  • Tourism – Dept of Tourism
  • Northern Ireland Statistics and Research Agency (NISRA)

Population and Human Health

  • CORINE Land cover Database
  • EPA GIS datasets
  • European Commission
  • Geological Survey Ireland (GSI)
  • Teagasc Soil Information
  • UK Land Cover Map
  • Geological Survey of Northern Ireland (GSNI)

Land Soils, Geology

• EPA GIS datasets • Catchments.ie • National Catchment Flood Risk Management Programme (CFRAM) • Office Public Works (OPW) • Geological Survey Ireland (GSI) • DAERA • Northern Ireland Environment Agency • Morphological Quality Index / River Hydromorphology Assessment Technique

Water

  • EPA Air Quality in Ireland reports
  • EPA datasets
  • World Health Organisation (WHO)
  • Northern Ireland Environment Agency (NIEA)
  • DAERA – Air Pollution in NI

Air Quality

  • CSO datasets
  • EPA datasets
  • Flood Risk Management Plans
  • Met Éireann
  • Sectoral Climate Change Adaptation Plans
  • UNFCC
  • Geological Survey Ireland (GSI)
  • Climate Change Committee
  • Northern Ireland Environment Agency (NIEA)
  • Northern Ireland Climate Change Adaptation Program

Climate Change

Prepared for: Transport Infrastructure Ireland

SEA of the National Cycle Network Plan SEA Environmental Report (Updated)

Potential Data Sources SEA Theme

• National Monuments Service / Record of Monuments and Places (RMP) • National Inventory of Architectural Heritage (NIAH) • UNESCO World Heritage Sites • Department of Heritage • Built Heritage at Risk in Northern Ireland (BHARNI) database • Historic Map Viewer (DFI) • Historic Environment Division (HED) • NI Heritage

Cultural Heritage

  • CORINE Land cover Database
  • EPA datasets
  • National Landscape Strategy 2015-2025
  • DAERA - Regional Landscape Character Map viewer
  • DAERA - Landscape Character of Northern Ireland

Landscape

4.3 Biodiversity

4.3.1 Introduction

Biodiversity is a measurement of the variety and variability of flora and fauna in an area and

any associated habitats. The importance of preserving biodiversity is recognised from an

international to a local level. There is an intrinsic value to biodiversity while also having value

in terms of quality of life and amenity.

Ireland has a rich diversity of ecosystems and wildlife in its terrestrial, freshwater and marine

environments. However, over the last number of decades, human impacts on biodiversity have

accelerated, which has resulted in increased damage and loss of habitats and species, the

diversification of wildlife and the degradation of our environment8. On a global scale,

biodiversity loss has been identified as one of the biggest threats facing humanity in the next

decade.

Under EU law, Ireland is obligated to protect and preserve biodiversity. This protection covers

species and habitats both within and outside designated sites. The Habitats Directive seeks

to ensure the appropriate conservation of natural habitats and of wild fauna and flora. The

Birds Directive (2009/147/EC) ensures the appropriate protection of Special Protection Areas

(SPAs) (sites which are classified for rare and vulnerable birds listed in Annex I of the

Directive).

The National Biodiversity Action Plan (NBAP) for Ireland provides a framework for

government, civil society and private sectors to track and assess progress towards Ireland’s

Vision for Biodiversity over a five-year timeframe from 2017 to 2021.The NBAP seeks to

address current issues and halt loss of biodiversity, in line with international commitments. The

goal was to reduce biodiversity loss and degradation by 2016 and progress toward a

8 Department of Culture, Heritage and the Gaeltacht (DCHG) (2017). National Biodiversity Action Plan 2017-2021.

Prepared for: Transport Infrastructure Ireland AECOM

SEA of the National Cycle Network Plan SEA Environmental Report (Updated)

substantial recovery be made by 2020. This follows the European Commission EU Biodiversity

Strategyto 2020 and the recent 8th Environmental Action Programme to 2030, to protect

biodiversity, pursing zero pollution to air water and soil, and reducing climate pressures. At the

time of writing this report the NBAP for 2021-2025 has not been released.

Designated Sites

To protect its biodiversity resources, Ireland has designated numerous sites and species of

conservation value and / or concern. These are outlined in Table 4.2 below.

Table 4.2: List of Designated Sites in Ireland

Number of Description

Sites

Biosphere reserves promote solutions reconciling the conservation of biodiversity with its sustainable use. They are learning areas for sustainable development under diverse ecological, social and economic contexts, touching the lives of more than 250 million people9.

2

In Ireland these sites comprise Dublin Bay and Killarney National Park.

Within OSPAR, MPAs are identified as areas for which protective, conservation, restorative or precautionary measures have been instituted for the purpose of protecting and conserving species, habitats, ecosystems or ecological processes of the marine environment.

OSPAR Marine Protected Area

19

They may include existing SACs and SPAs, as well as other areas established under international or regional agreements (e.g., OSPAR, Helsinki Commission [HELCOM]).

The Convention on Wetlands, called the RAMSAR Convention, is an intergovernmental treaty that provides the framework for national action and international cooperation for the conservation and wise use of wetlands and their resources10.

45

Wetlands are important ecosystems, which improve water quality, provide storm protection, flood mitigation, stabilise shorelines and maintain biodiversity. Ireland presently has 45 no. RAMSAR sites.

The Important Bird Areas (IBA) Programme is a BirdLife International initiative aimed at identifying and protecting a network of critical sites for the conservation of the world’s birds.

140

BirdWatch Ireland is responsible for promoting and updating the status of Ireland’s birds and their key sites11.

Special Areas of

439 (6 are offshore)

Special Areas of Conservation (SAC) are designated under the EU Habitats Directive (92/43/EEC).

SACs*

Special Protection Areas (SPAs) are designated under the Birds 165* Directive (2009/147/EC).

Protection Area

9 UNESCO (2022). Biosphere Reserves. 10 RAMSAR (2022). 11 Bird Life (2022). Data Zone.

Prepared for: Transport Infrastructure Ireland AECOM

SEA of the National Cycle Network Plan

Designation Description Type

Natural Heritage Areas (NHAs) are legally protected areas that are considered important for their habitats or which hold species of plants and animals whose habitat needs protection, including geological/geomorphological sites in need of protection through NHA designation.

Natural Heritage Area (NHA)

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