11.6.1 2 Hypothermia

11.6.1.1 Cold Water Shock

11.6.1.2 Hypothermia

When you are immersed in water, the skin and limbs cool rapidly. Then the heart, brain and internal organs cool. Hypothermia occurs when deep body temperature drops by at least 2°C. The rate of onset will depend on water temperature and the protective measures you have taken to reduce body cooling. Body build, body fat, fitness level and types of clothing worn all affect the rate of onset.

Emergency Procedures

Signs and Symptoms:

▪Initial deep gasping

▪Uncontrollable rapid breathing,

with possible dizziness and pins and needles

▪Panic

▪A large increase in both heart rate

and blood pressure

Dangers:

▪Inhalation of water

▪Drowning

Signs and Symptoms:

▪Early dulling of sensation in hands

▪Stroke or heart attack

and impaired muscle function

Prevention:

▪Violent shivering with blueness

around the lips

▪Use recognized ‘man overboard’

prevention equipment

▪Armpits very cold

▪Wear approved lifejackets

▪Muscle stiffness

▪Wear clothing with good insulating

▪Lethargy and disorientation

and waterproofing properties

▪Slow and laboured breathing

▪Wear Immersion Suits (dry/wet)

▪Pulse weakens but difficult to feel

▪Hold on to some support and

in any case because of cold

do not attempt to swim until symptoms have subsided (approx. 2-3 minutes)

Dangers:

▪Impaired sensation and muscle

coordination may impair some early vital lifesaving actions involving hands

▪Exit the water as soon as possible

Follow up:

▪Loss of consciousness

▪Monitor airway, breathing and

circulation

▪Drowning

▪Prevent further loss of heat

▪Cardiac arrest

▪Protect from wind

▪Death

▪Get medical help

Note: Do not assume a person is dead. They may only be in hibernation.